The Managed Healthcare Industry-A Market Failure! By Jack Charles Schoenholtz, MD

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Table of Contents

PREFACE.. vi

I. INTRODUCTION.. 14

II. BACKGROUND:  The Dominant Changes in Healthcare Law and Policy during the Past 30 Years. 21

A.    Phase One: The Healthcare “Cost-Containment” Era Begins. 21

B.    Phase Two:  Broadening the Actuarial Base of Healthcare. 37

1. The HMO Act, as amended ― More “takeback”. 37

2. ERISA and Federal Preemption. 43

C. Phase Three: The Advent of the Managed-Care Industry The Move From Indemnity. 47

1. “Quality review”: Myths and Truths ― Mergers and the Use of Uniform Standards to Stabilize Prices. 51

2. More Myths and Truths of Healthcare Costs ― The Catastrophic Coverage Act and FASB 106. 61

III. The Availability of Federal Antitrust Law.. 69

A. The Supreme Court’s Pilot Life, Firestone and Travelers Cases. 69

B. ERISA’s Core Problems ― A Nexus with Antitrust Law.. 76

1. Contract v. Trust law.. 76

2. The Fiduciary Double Standard C the Health Insurance Benefit Plan Dichotomy. 79

C. Managed Care after Travelers ― the ERISA Compromise with States Rights. 97

D. Cutting “Costs,” or Coercively Lowering Prices?. 107

1. The “treating physician rule” ― that is: Can Your Doctor Be Trusted?. 107

2. Interstate Commerce in the “Chain of Events” of Managed-Care Insurance Management 116

3. Capitation or De-capitation? ― Medicine’s “Rising Cost Curve”. 131

4. Managed Care’s Theatrical Exit from Government Programs. 144

5. The Oxford gambol 147

6.  The Monopoly Game, Marginal Cost Pricing and the Cost-Stimulating Sovereign. 152

7. Monopsony and the Antitrust Acts. 161

8. Marginal-cost pricing. 169

9. Marginal-cost pricing competitive or predatory? ― and the “Nonprofits”. 178

10. The Medicare+Choice and Medicare Advantage Programs — “Privatization” Tactics Arrive and “Obamacare” Enters an Offensive. 197

11. Doctor plays managed-care entrepreneur 212

12. Unmasking the Noerr Defense. 218

IV. Healthcare Monopsony ― Buyer Collusion by Coercion. 228

1. Value, Price and Profit C Are Healthcare Insurance Companies “Too big to fail”?. 228

2. Incurring Private Losses as a Waste of Social Resources. 241

A. Physician Practice Management Companies Managed Care as Real Estate, Furniture and Equipment. 249

1. FPA Medical Management, Inc. ― Paradigm for a Market Failure. 251

2. PhyMatrix a broken company or a breaking system?. 264

3. PhyCor and MedPartners, Inc. ― A Slippery Slope. 267

4. United Payers & United Providers ― More Buyers Buying-off Sellers. 270

V. The World of Market Power ― How Healthcare Insurance Abhors a Perfect Market and Uses “Messengers”. 272

1. Capitation ― Contract, Collusion and Coercive Networking. 302

2. “Quality review” and Pireno: Is it really the “business of insurance companies”?. 310

3. Clearing ERISA’s Muddy Waters ― when “insurance” is “noninsurance”. 317

VI. The Modern “Business of Insurance Companies” ― the Emerging Nexus Between McCarran and ERISA. 327

1. Three criteria indispensable to the “business of insurance”. 328

2. Pundits and politicians. 357

3. Survey Satisfaction with the System?. 367

VII. Further Market Failure in Managed Care. 377

1. Is Cost Containment the Reality and Healthcare Merely the Illusion? ― They’ve got algorithm.. 380

2. A Market Failure in Healthcare Prevents an Effective Underwriting of Risk. 393

3. “Adverse” or “Anti-selection”. 397

4. Entrepreneur Plays Doctor: “I Can Get It For You Wholesale”. 400

5. “Disease Management,” “Pay-for-Performance” and “Bundling” ― the New Ploys on the Block. 403

6. The beginning and end of the P4P “never events”. 414

VIII. As Managed Care Ripens for Review.. 421

1. Contra proferentem ― the Great Leveler 427

2. ERISA’s Other Legal, Contradictory, and Advocacy Trends. 430

3. Are These “Natural Monopolies”?. 438

IX. A Market Failure Bill of Particulars for the Managed-Care Industry ― Buying American Medicine with “Monopoly Money”. 440

X. A Summary Judgment – “Activity” v. “Inactivity”. 449

XI. The Ethics of Managing Managed Care The Affordable Care Act Enters. 462

GLOSSARY. 479

ACRONYMS. 488

REFERENCES. 490

About the Author 511

Acknowledgments. 512

 

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